WHEREAS, the 1898 Supreme Court decision in United States v. WHEREAS, the phrase "all persons born" immediately conferred citizenship to Freedmen and women, the children of slaves and all those born in the United States, whether or not their parents held proper citizenship documents and WHEREAS, the phrase "subject to the jurisdiction" excluded only children of foreign diplomats and Native Americans living on reservations at the time the amendment was written, and included all the children of immigrants and No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws and WHEREAS, Section One of the Fourteenth Amendment reads: All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. In its place arose a new, more promising basis for justice and equality, the 141 Amendment, ensuring protection of the life, liberty, and property of all persons against deprivations without due process, and guaranteeing equal protection of the laws" and ![]() WHEREAS, Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall, in a 1987 speech on the occasion of the bicentennial of the Constitution, noted the effect of the Fourteenth Amendment and said: "While the Union survived the civil war, the Constitution did not. WHEREAS, the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States was adopted in July 1868, and superseded the Dred Scott decision and promised equal rights before the law and citizenship to all born or naturalized here and Sanford regarded all Americans of African descent - free or slaves - as non-citizens without either the natural rights of human beings or the political rights of citizens and ![]() WHEREAS, the 1857 Supreme Court decision in Dred Scott v. WHEREAS, Americans of African descent contributed mightily to the economic, cultural and social life of the country that became the United States from their first moments on the North American continent, without the rights of citizenship for hundreds of those years and Topic Legislative & Political Action Year 2013 Print
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